.home-article{max-width:900px;margin:0 auto;padding:56px 20px 80px;font-size:17px;line-height:1.7}.home-article h1{font-size:clamp(27px,4.2vw,38px);line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:0 0 14px;max-width:20ch;font-weight:700}.home-article .home-intro{font-size:19px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 8px;max-width:68ch}.home-article section{border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);padding-top:34px;margin-top:34px}.home-article h2{font-size:22px;line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:0 0 14px;max-width:26ch}.home-article p{margin:0 0 16px;max-width:68ch}.home-article a{color:var(--series-bright);text-decoration:none}.home-article a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.home-article .more{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 18px;margin:0}.home-article .more a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;font-size:15px;font-weight:600}.home-article .more a:after{content:"→";color:var(--dim);font-weight:400}.home-article .more a:hover:after{color:inherit}.home-article .country-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin:0 0 18px;padding:0;list-style:none}.home-article .country-links li{margin:0}.home-article .country-links a{display:block;padding:7px 13px;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--text);background:var(--raised);border:1px solid var(--line-soft);border-radius:999px}.home-article .country-links a:hover{border-color:#454a53;background:#1d2027;text-decoration:none}@media (max-width: 640px){.home-article{padding:40px 16px 64px;font-size:16.5px}.home-article section{padding-top:28px;margin-top:28px}.home-article h2{font-size:20px}.home-article .home-intro{font-size:17.5px}}:root{color-scheme:dark;--page: #111113;--sea: #15171c;--panel: #191b1f;--raised: #1f2228;--line: #2e323a;--line-soft: #24272d;--text: #f2f2ef;--muted: #a2a5ac;--dim: #797d85;--accent: #e0703c;--series: #3987e5;--series-bright: #86b6ef;--timebar-height: 178px}*{box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0;background:var(--page);color:var(--text);font:16px/1.5 system-ui,-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,sans-serif}#app-shell{position:relative}button,input,select{font:inherit;color:inherit}button{cursor:pointer;border:1px solid var(--line);background:transparent;border-radius:6px;padding:8px 12px;font-size:14px}button:hover{background:#ffffff0f;border-color:#4a4f58}button.active,button[aria-pressed=true]{color:#fff;background:#3987e526;border-color:#3987e57a}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px}a{color:var(--series-bright);text-decoration:none}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}h2,h3{font-weight:600}#stage{position:relative;height:calc(100dvh - var(--nav-height) - var(--timebar-height));min-height:340px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--sea)}#map{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;cursor:grab;touch-action:none}#map:active{cursor:grabbing}#map-loading{position:absolute;inset:0;display:grid;place-items:center;color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;pointer-events:none}.corner{position:absolute;z-index:5}.card{background:#14161ae8;backdrop-filter:blur(10px);border:1px solid var(--line-soft);border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 10px 30px #0006}#rail{top:12px;left:12px;bottom:12px;width:min(286px,calc(100% - 24px));display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;min-height:0}#hud{position:relative;padding:12px 14px;flex:0 0 auto}#year-value{display:block;font-size:38px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.05;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:0 0 2px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}#year-value small{font-size:.5em;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0;color:var(--muted);margin-left:4px}#era-chip{display:block;margin-top:6px}#era-chip .era-label{display:inline-block;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:3px 8px;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid currentColor}#era-chip[data-era=modelled] .era-label{color:#e0a15a}#era-chip[data-era=reconstructed] .era-label{color:#d9a4c0}#era-chip[data-era=un_estimate] .era-label{color:#6fc49a}#era-chip[data-era=un_projection] .era-label{color:#8fb3e8}.term{border:1px solid currentColor;background:transparent;cursor:help}.term:hover{background:#ffffff14}.term[aria-expanded=true]{background:#ffffff1f}#borders-note{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;margin-top:7px;padding:3px 8px;border-radius:999px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.3;color:var(--dim)}#borders-note[hidden]{display:none}#note-pop{position:absolute;z-index:40;width:min(300px,calc(100vw - 16px));padding:12px 14px;border-radius:10px;background:#12141af2;backdrop-filter:blur(10px);border:1px solid var(--line);box-shadow:0 14px 38px #0009}#note-pop[hidden]{display:none}#note-pop{max-height:min(60dvh,420px);overflow-y:auto;scrollbar-width:thin}#note-pop p{margin:0 0 8px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted)}#note-pop a{font-size:12px}#hud-collapse{display:none;position:absolute;top:4px;right:4px;border:0;padding:4px 7px;font-size:12px;color:var(--dim)}#rail[data-collapsed] #era-chip,#rail[data-collapsed] #borders-note,#rail[data-collapsed] #globals{display:none}#menu-toggle{position:absolute;top:calc(var(--map-top, 0px) + 12px);right:12px;z-index:30;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;padding:7px 11px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);background:#14161ae8;backdrop-filter:blur(10px)}#menu-toggle:hover{color:var(--text)}#menu-toggle svg{display:block}#menu{position:absolute;top:calc(var(--map-top, 0px) + 54px);right:12px;z-index:31;width:min(300px,calc(100vw - 24px));max-height:calc(100dvh - var(--nav-height) - var(--map-top, 0px) - 70px);overflow-y:auto;scrollbar-width:thin;padding:16px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px}#menu[hidden]{display:none}#menu h3{margin:0;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dim);font-weight:600}.menu-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center}#menu-close{border:0;padding:2px 6px;color:var(--muted)}.button-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px}.button-row button{flex:1 1 auto;padding:7px 10px;font-size:13px}#country-search{width:100%;background:#0d0f13;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;padding:9px 11px;font-size:14px}#country-results{list-style:none;margin:6px 0 0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:2px}#country-results button{width:100%;text-align:left;border:0;padding:7px 9px;font-size:13px}.menu-note{margin:0;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);font-size:12px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--dim)}#globals{flex:1 1 auto;min-height:0;padding:14px;overflow-y:auto;scrollbar-width:thin}#globals h3{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dim)}#globals .stat-lead{font-size:24px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.01em;line-height:1.15}#globals .stat-sub{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:2px 0 12px}.cadence-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:8px 12px;margin:0 0 12px;padding:10px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);list-style:none}.cadence-grid strong{display:block;font-size:17px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.cadence-grid small{display:block;font-size:11px;color:var(--dim);margin-top:1px}.leader{margin-bottom:12px}.leader strong{display:block;font-size:15px}.leader small{color:var(--muted);font-size:12px}.continent-bars{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:7px}.continent-bars li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:82px 1fr 34px;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:11.5px}.continent-name{color:var(--muted);overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.continent-bar{height:7px;background:#ffffff12;border-radius:999px;overflow:hidden}.continent-bar i{display:block;height:100%;background:var(--series);border-radius:999px}.continent-share{text-align:right;color:var(--muted);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}#live-panel{margin-top:16px;padding-top:13px;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft)}#live-panel[hidden]{display:none}#live-panel .live-row{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:10px;margin-bottom:6px}#live-panel .live-row strong{font-size:18px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:var(--accent)}#live-panel .live-row span{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--muted);text-align:right}#live-panel .disclaimer{font-size:11px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--dim);margin:8px 0 0}#panel{position:absolute;top:var(--map-top, 0px);right:0;bottom:var(--timebar-height);z-index:8;width:min(378px,100%);background:var(--panel);border-left:1px solid var(--line);overflow-y:auto;scrollbar-width:thin;box-shadow:-14px 0 40px #0007}#panel[hidden]{display:none}.panel-top{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:2;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:12px 16px;background:var(--panel);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}.panel-top span{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dim)}#panel-close{border:0;padding:4px 9px;color:var(--muted)}#panel-content{padding:18px 20px 40px}.panel-eyebrow{margin:0;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dim)}#panel-content h2{margin:5px 0 18px;font-size:22px;line-height:1.25}#panel-content h3{margin:26px 0 10px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dim)}.hero-label{margin:0;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.hero{margin:2px 0 4px;font-size:30px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.02em;line-height:1.1}.hero-range{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:12px;color:var(--dim)}.confidence{display:inline-block;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;padding:3px 8px;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid currentColor}.confidence.term{font-family:inherit}.confidence[data-tone=high]{color:#6fc49a}.confidence[data-tone=medium]{color:#e0a15a}.confidence[data-tone=low]{color:#d98c8c}.cadence{list-style:none;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:10px;margin:20px 0;padding:14px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}.cadence strong{display:block;font-size:17px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.cadence small{display:block;font-size:11px;color:var(--dim);margin-top:2px}.facts{margin:0;display:grid;gap:9px}.facts>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:14px;align-items:baseline;font-size:13px}.facts dt{color:var(--muted)}.facts dd{margin:0;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.facts.provenance>div{grid-template-columns:92px 1fr}.facts.provenance dd{text-align:left;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;line-height:1.5}.muted{color:var(--dim)}.method-note{font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--dim);margin:12px 0 0}.panel-links{display:grid;gap:7px;margin:22px 0 0;padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);font-size:13px}.history{margin:0}.history svg{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.history .axis{font-size:9px;fill:#7b7f88}.history figcaption{font-size:11px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--dim);margin-top:6px}#legend{right:12px;bottom:12px;padding:11px 13px;width:min(370px,calc(100% - 24px))}#legend-title{font-size:12px;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 2px}#legend-unit{font-size:11px;color:var(--dim);margin:0 0 9px}#legend-scale{list-style:none;display:flex;margin:0;padding:0}#legend-scale li{flex:1 1 0;min-width:0}#legend-scale i{display:block;height:9px}#legend-scale li:first-child 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span{display:block;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}#tooltip .tooltip-sub{font-size:11px;color:var(--dim);margin-top:2px}.tooltip-replacement{font-size:12px;font-weight:650;margin-top:4px;color:#70c2a4}.tooltip-replacement[data-level=below]{color:#ef7b80}.tooltip-replacement[data-level=below]:before{content:"↓ "}.tooltip-replacement[data-level=above]:before{content:"↑ "}.tooltip-replacement[data-level=at]{color:#d6d0a8}.tooltip-replacement[data-level=at]:before{content:"→ "}#timebar{height:var(--timebar-height);border-top:1px solid var(--line);background:#141519;padding:12px 18px 10px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px}.time-top{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}.playback{display:flex;gap:6px;align-items:center}.playback button{width:36px;height:36px;padding:0;display:grid;place-items:center}#play{width:42px;color:#16120e;background:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent);font-size:13px}#play:hover{background:#f08350}#speed{background:#0d0f13;border:1px 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1080px){#rail{width:min(258px,calc(100% - 24px))}}@media (max-width: 900px){#app-shell{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:calc(100dvh - var(--nav-height));overflow:hidden}#stage{flex:0 0 auto;padding-top:46px;height:clamp(220px,calc(100vw * .487 + 100px),440px);min-height:0}#map-loading{top:46px}#globals{display:none}:root{--chip-height: 32px}#rail{top:8px;bottom:auto;width:calc(100% - 136px)}#hud{height:var(--chip-height);padding:0 25px 0 10px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow:hidden}#year-value{font-size:16px;margin:0;flex:0 0 auto;white-space:nowrap}#year-value small{display:none}#era-chip{margin:0;min-width:0}#era-chip .era-label{display:block;max-width:100%;font-size:9.5px;padding:2px 7px;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}#borders-note{flex:0 0 auto;margin:0;padding:1px 6px;font-size:11px}#borders-note .term-label{display:none}#menu-toggle{top:calc(var(--map-top, 0px) + 8px);height:var(--chip-height);padding:0 10px;font-size:12px}#menu{top:calc(var(--map-top, 0px) + 46px)}#hud-collapse{display:flex;align-items:center;top:0;right:0;height:100%;padding:0 7px}#rail[data-collapsed]{width:auto}#panel{position:static;width:100%;flex:1 1 auto;min-height:0;border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);box-shadow:none}body.panel-open #mobile-stats{display:none}#legend{left:10px;right:10px;bottom:8px;width:auto;padding:5px 10px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}#legend-title{font-size:10.5px;margin:0;white-space:nowrap}#legend-unit{display:none}#legend-scale{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0}#legend-scale i{height:7px}#legend-scale span{font-size:9px;margin-top:2px}.map-controls{bottom:60px}#milestones{display:none}#mobile-stats{display:block;flex:1 1 auto;min-height:0;overflow-y:auto;padding:13px 16px;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);background:#141519;scrollbar-width:thin}.mobile-lead strong{display:block;font-size:25px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.01em}.mobile-lead span{display:block;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:1px}.mobile-lead b{color:var(--text);font-weight:600}#mobile-stats .cadence-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:6px;margin:11px 0;padding:10px 0}#mobile-stats .cadence-grid strong{font-size:14px}#mobile-stats .cadence-grid small{font-size:10px}#mobile-stats .leader{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:8px;margin:0 0 11px}#mobile-stats .leader strong{font-size:14px}#mobile-stats .leader small{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--muted)}.mobile-pop{margin:12px 0 0;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.mobile-pop b{color:var(--text);font-weight:600}#mobile-live{margin-top:14px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft)}#mobile-live[hidden]{display:none}#mobile-live .live-row{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:9px;margin-bottom:5px}#mobile-live .live-row strong{font-size:17px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:var(--accent)}#mobile-live .live-row span{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--muted)}#mobile-live .disclaimer{margin:7px 0 0;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--dim)}:root{--timebar-height: 98px}.time-top{display:none}#timebar{flex:0 0 auto;padding:9px 12px 7px}.timeline-foot{font-size:10.5px;justify-content:flex-end}.timeline-foot span:first-child{display:none}}@media (max-width: 900px) and (orientation: landscape){#stage{height:min(calc(100vw * .487 + 92px),58dvh)}#mobile-stats{padding:9px 14px}#mobile-stats .cadence-grid{margin:8px 0;padding:8px 0}}@media (max-width: 560px){#legend-unit,#legend-scale .legend-nodata{display:none}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){*{animation-duration:.01ms!important;transition-duration:.01ms!important}}.timeline-range select,#year-input{background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;padding:5px;font-size:12px}.timeline-range select{max-width:185px}#year-input{width:72px}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip-path:inset(50%)}@media (max-width: 900px){.time-top{gap:6px}.timeline-range{margin-left:auto}.timeline-range select{max-width:132px}#year-input{width:62px}}@media (max-width: 900px){:root{--timebar-height: 172px}.time-top{display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap}.playback #step-back,.playback #step-forward,.playback #speed{display:none}.timeline-range{margin-left:0;flex:1}.timeline-range select{width:100%;max-width:none}}.population-card{padding:12px 14px;flex:0 0 auto}.population-card h3{margin:0 0 6px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dim);font-weight:600;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.population-card strong{display:block;font-size:26px;line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.02em;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.population-card .area-unit{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.population-card .area-secondary{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:10px;margin:10px 0 0;padding-top:9px;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.population-card .area-secondary:has(b:empty){display:none}.population-card .area-secondary b{color:var(--text);font-weight:600;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;text-align:right}.panel-population{margin:8px 0 20px;color:var(--muted);font-size:13px}.panel-population strong{display:block;font-size:24px;color:var(--text)}.timeline-key{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:6px 16px;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.3}.timeline-key span{display:inline-flex;gap:5px;align-items:center}.timeline-key span:before{content:"";width:8px;height:8px;background:#86b6ef;display:inline-block}.timeline-key .timeline-projection:before{background:#9e9bbc;border:1px solid #c0bddb}#timeline-strip i.peak{background:var(--accent);box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--accent);z-index:1}@media (max-width: 900px){.population-card{display:none}.timeline-key{gap:4px 12px;font-size:10px}.timeline-key .timeline-series{display:none}.mobile-pop{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;margin:0 0 12px;padding-bottom:10px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.mobile-pop b{font-size:19px}}#timeline-future{position:absolute;top:-3px;bottom:30px;left:calc(8px + (100% - 16px) * var(--future-start, .964));right:8px;background:#b9b4e624;border-left:1px solid #c0bddb;pointer-events:none}#timeline-strip i.projected{background:#9e9bbc}#timeline-strip i.peak{background:var(--accent)}#panel{overflow-anchor:none}#panel-content h2{height:2.5em;overflow:auto}#panel-content .hero-label{height:18px}#panel-content .hero{height:33px;white-space:nowrap}#panel-content .panel-population strong{height:36px;white-space:nowrap}#panel-content .hero-range{height:36px}.hero-range span{display:block;height:18px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}#panel-content .confidence{height:25px;white-space:nowrap}#panel-content .facts>div{height:40px}#panel-content .facts.provenance>div{height:72px}#panel-content .facts.provenance dd{max-height:72px;overflow-y:auto}#globals .leader strong,#mobile-stats .leader strong{white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}